T of C
Home |
My Work |
Hand- books |
Qin as Object |
Qin in Art |
Poetry / Song |
Hear, Watch |
Play Qin |
Analysis | History |
Ideo- logy |
Miscel- lanea |
More Info |
Personal | email me search me |
Shen Qi Mi Pu Xi Kang Wang Shixiang article Guangling San: long and short | 神奇秘譜 廣陵散 廣陵真趣 網站目錄 |
廣陵散序、後記
查阜西:存見古琴曲譜輯覽 1 |
Chinese commentary on Guangling San
From Zha Fuxi's Guide |
So, here first are the comments from the handbooks that actually have tablature, in particular as listed in this separate chart.
「時司馬懿為大將軍,康與鍾會為長史。會每與康交,而康不為之禮。會以此憾之,因譖康欲助毋丘儉。司馬懿既昵信會,遂害之。
「康將刑東市,顧視日影,索琴彈之,曰﹕『昔袁孝已(尼?)嘗從吾學〈廣陵散〉,吾每靳固之;〈廣陵散〉於今絕矣。』時年四十。海內之士莫不痛之;帝尋悟而悔焉。」
又「琴書」曰:
The second《西麓堂琴統》 1525 afterword (III/250, after the second version; comment) is:
(二段)平淡深遠,緩緩得音,如元人氣韻筆墨。
(三段)慢商惟廣陵一曲,可為絶調。操絃者不諳斯曲,是過山陰道而不覩其美也。
(六段)幾帶起、撥剌臞仙作「秋鴻」竊而用之。
(七段)妙在不疾不離,就入亂後,一收痛快之至。
(九段)輕描淡寫,趣味深遠。
(二段)此段平淡深遠,深緩彈去,細心審之,如元人一幅氣運筆墨,若不細心領略,自覺無味。
(三段)操絃者不諳斯曲,是過山陰道而不覩其美也。
(五段)靜中消遣,真是一大骨董。
(六段)此段幾帶起、撥剌臞仙作「秋鴻」竊而用之。
(七段)此段妙在不疾不離,就入亂後,段一收痛快。
(九段)輕描淡寫,趣味深遠。
(三段)操絃不諳斯曲,如入山陰道上,而不視其美也。
(五段)靜中消遣,真是一大骨董。右廣陵散曲世所傳者每有不同,先後二譜亦自舛異,故兩存之其說見上不更贄也。
(六段)幾帶起,幾撥刺,臞仙作秋鴻,竊而用之。
(七段)妙在不疾不離,就入亂後,一收痛快。
(九段)輕描淡寫,趣味無窮深遠。
按是曲,嵇康於孤館清夜彈琴,而遇神人世間所授,呼叫黃鐘慢二,仍借林鐘宮音,調亦神奇,意亦深遠,音取宏厚,指取古勁。彈宜和緩,撥刺尤宜平靜,抑揚頓挫,起伏虛靈,細心靜作,自有神奇之韻,非泛曲與其比例也。至於用調,實法古而非立異也。古詩云:「側商調裡唱伊州」,又有側楚,側蜀,餘以此語推之,而調之類此者,抑系側調,誠不謬哉。然是調相傳散失無存,今得之蕉庵譜中,是否原曲,莫能審辨,聽其節奏,宮商從容高古,取用之奇,得示曾有,惜其原譜,指法徽分,錯訛殊多,但他譜示經遇目,惟與古齋曲目之中,亦經收錄,譜示行世,深為憾事,茲依蕉庵譜,細加釐正,聚其氣韻,則不致逆指抗音疏散之弊。
Before this, however, there is an essay called 廣陵夢記 Guangling Mengji, 金陵汪安侯選 arranged by Wang Anhou of Jinling, that concerns the short version of Guangling San collected by the Prince of Lu. (For 廣陵 9693.178-183 has only other 廣陵, and so far I have not found any other references to a Guangling Mengji other than what is here.)
This is all somewhat puzzling because, as discussed here, the 1907 tablature is not the version from 1634 (music; no commentary). Instead, the actual melody in 1907 (in fact both of them here) follows the 1802 version (see more under Guangling Zhen Qu). Furthermore, these 1907 comments quote what it claims to be an original document that gives a much more elaboborate version of the story from 1802. Thus, according to the text what seems to have happened is a previously unknown melody with an old name, Guangling San, was introduced in 1634 with no commentary. Perhaps it was an old document that had been re-discovered but there seems to be no way to verify this. The melody was then re-introduced almost 170 years later by someone named Yun Zaiqing; but Yun, below the title, is credited with having "較 revised" the melody. The text actually says he had had a dream where an immortal had told him how the melody was really supposed to sound. So is crediting him with having revised the melody intended to explain the fact that the tablature published in connection with this story is somewhat altered from the ≥1802 version? All later versions follow ≥1802, not 1634.
In any case, the document called Guangling Mengji gives the following more detailed account of the ≥1802 transmission story.
道過福
清,邑有明故相國。臺山葉公之孫。字唯偉者。下
榻館焉。是夜燒燭焚香。意欲作平原十日飲。予
故辭不得,訂三日約。終日品茶敲棋,杯酒閒
談。三山勝概,道及福清石柱名山。□ 靈異非常。
相期次晨。偕往一游。劇談之後,欠且倦,時酒闌
人散,燭燼月移,童子亦睡。余就枕而宿伸久間,
而莊生蝴蝶,栩栩然亦莫知所之矣。
栩蘧之余,
恍惚見垂楊夾道,古柏森天,逶迤曲徑,緣溪過
一小橋,約里許,遙望飛檐朱戶、翠竹碧梧,靡麗
蓊郁,非復人世境。驚喜疾趨,陟階級數重,見朱
戶半掩,即躡足由檐腳而入。再進一重,則山矗
谷虛,泉流若布,而鶴舞鹿鳴,蘿牽蘭馥,如行山
陰道中,應接不暇。荔枝樹側。有葡萄架,而巨榕
上覆。正在四顧瞻視,忽從內走出。二青衣雙鬟,
迓而問曰:「君得毋為金陵移情汪子乎?吾仙君
待子久矣,請速行毋緩。」
青衣為導,予隨之穿花
陰、過曲檻,歷白石磴登崇臺,香凝霧結、雲裳而
霧衣者,仙君在焉。余即跪拜,遜再不允,因分席
行賓主禮,款身相慰賀,勞而問之曰:「可以舒性
情、和氣息。而造深入微者,何也?」余曰:「得毋樂乎?
然而鐘鼓踞矣,管籥卑矣,不卑不踞,獨屬琴乎?」
仙君曰:「可謂知吾之意矣。敢請子以盡其說。」余
曰:「唯唯。夫四鼓動而萬物生焉,七弦音律而千
奇出焉,以心命指,以指驅弦,弦隨指使,指自心
施。若捨指以求弦,弦非靈物;捨弦而求指,指內
無聲。故合也則得,離也則失,且盛衰之道於此
見。意在音內,理在音外。若以文求,便落二義。」仙
君愀然而嘆曰:「噫嘻,子蓋出乎技而進乎道矣!」
因解囊琴而鼓為予壽。初聽之,調中之音幽靜,
兼有撥剌奇變之音;後數段淡遠疏落。曲終云:
「道故如是。」予聽之對曰:「此即晉叔夜慢商《廣陵》
摘段也,絕響久矣,子可記之,繼往古,開來今,將
有望於子矣。」余對曰:「一聽而得音,雖師曠亦不
能夜。敢請以教我。」仙君曰:「雲在青山,調得口記
此則得音矣。」余不悟。因欲以生平休咎叩。忽聞
鄰雞四唱,而邯鄲道上。黃粱熟矣。若得若失,
恍惚可近,紙窗漸白,支床而起,不復踐所議游
約,即辭主人,命童僕負裝,南游於莆。
越月後,復
歸三山,則有高公罹楚行之變,余亦失東道主。
將買棹仍歸秣陵,而中丞吳公忽奉康親王款
留,因復解裝,客於故相公葉府,而載酒問字往
往不乏。
一日(離注:已經是庚申【1680】歲了),有粵東雲姓字在青者,造館而謁,
宛如素好。其寓有明潞藩藏譜一冊,出而觀之,
卷尾有《廣陵真趣》一曲。余錄之而譜其音,與夢
中所聽仙君之音無異(translated)。
嗚呼!夢之為物,真耶幻
耶,果何在也?豈中散之精誠不泯,千古至今而
傳耶?抑我之篤好斯道,神溯游千古之上耶?
因筆而記之,以存後日研譜之由,非敢以異炫
當世也。
康熙三十七年(1698?)歲次戊寅(1698?)夏五月端陽日重錄於口春堂
N.B.
(XXIX/8): Text that serves as an afterword to the "old" version.
(XXIX/8): This text seeems to suggest a connection between the old 46 section version and what was published by the Prince of Lu in 1634.
(XXIX/9): An essay by 劉鐵雲 Liu Tieyun that seems mostly to concern the original long version of Guangling San. It begins,
「琴歷」曰:琴曲有大遊、小
遊、明君、胡笳、廣陵散、白魚歎。「陳氏樂書」
曰:「廣陵散」小序三段,本序五段,正聲十八拍,
亂聲十拍。又袁孝尼續後八段。此唐以前各家
琴書俱載有廣陵散,其果未絕傳之又一證也。
揚掄「太古遺音」。撫琴轉弦歌云:試作廣陵散,晉
室。慢商弦徽同第一。是明初其譜猶未失也。「廣
陵散」傳世。既歷歷可考如此。前嵇中散臨刑所
彈者,為「太平引」可無疑矣。竊意中散臨刑鼓琴
必有寓意。或者鼓琴「太平引」言已死。而天下之太
平。亦與之俱死。與義有合。袁孝尼從中散學琴
為一事、中散臨刑鼓「太平引」為又一事。史書誤
合為一耳。此譜.... (11 more lines)
(XXIX/10) Another essay by 劉鐵雲 Liu Tieyun. It begins,
(XXIX/11) Yet another essay by 劉鐵雲 Liu Tieyun. It begins,
(XXIX/10) Tablature for the "new" Guangling San.
There is one comment under the title Section 1 but it only gives the tuning method (lower 2nd string to be same as first). Unlike the other version, there are no further comments between sections.
余於戊午(1678?)秋自楚歸於秣陵,冬十月,復同孤竹
高公入閩之方伯任。己未秋八月,有舊識友任
莆田守,聞余在閩,以札相召,束裝以往。
金陵八十叟移情汪子晉撰 (Wang Zijin: compare Wang Anhou above)
(Copied mostly from 蒿艾离离)
康熙三十七年: 1698?
戊寅 = 15th: 1698? (次戊寅?)
戊午 = 55th: 1618? 1678?
庚申 = 57th: as 歲 year 1680?]
粵東雲姓字在青者 Someone from Eastern Guangdong surnamed Yun, style name Zaiqing; also:
閩中雲在青 Yun Zaiqing from Min.
此曲如元人一幅氣韻山水,世之凡俗何能領略,若無知音空負古人一片苦心,幸存有譜以遺此,調非有恨氣幸靈不能彈此。
廣陵散古譜四十六段,今此譜只得十段,想先輩高賢於古譜中擇出此數段耳,上有真趣二字為明潞蕃所刻則非中散之譜明矣。
After the title (廣陵散新譜 Guangling San New Tablature there is only one credit:
No further comment at the end.
序:廣陵散琴操,見晉書嵇叔夜傳,叔夜東市臨刑云,「悔不將此曲傳袁孝己」。元耶律晉卿云,「此曲傳自唐王遨」。是此曲之傳皆在叔夜已死之後,是否果為原作,不可考。然後世言琴家恆思見此曲而不得,他譜存者不過數段,蓋偽托也。惟臞仙《神奇秘譜》列於道卷都,據云傳自隋宮,明郎仁保(瑛)七修續稿曾敘其事,而列其詞句。晉卿亦有彈廣陵散詩序,其詞名略有不同處,或臞仙時傳抄之誤。晉卿稱棲嚴老人於此曲最擅長,棲嚴苗姓,名秀實,金泰和時供奉也。據此二端,雖不敢斷為原作,要亦隋唐間之譜矣。頃見嘉靖本明藩徽邸風宣玄品為撰刻琴譜、列是曲於卷五中,其詞名及拍,皆與七修續稿相同。是必藩徽邸採諸臞仙者也。風宣譜世亦不易觀,爰照原本重梓,以廣其傳,予非矜「廣陵散」之奇,實欲存隋唐間之聲調耳。今世所傳琴譜至古為明刊宋譜,且不數見,更遑論隋唐!臞仙譜作於永樂,既云傳自隋宮,當必有據。更證以晉卿之詩,至近亦唐宋譜也。處今之世,能得唐宋之聲,不亦大可實貴哉?原譜或有可疑,缺落處以及詞名之異同,特為逐條辯正。並將晉卿序七修續稿附錄於後以次參考。
後記:嵇叔夜能作廣陵散,史氏謂嵇叔夜宿華陽亭,夜中有鬼神授之。韓皋以為「揚州者,廣陵故地,魏氏之季,毋丘儉輩皆都督揚州,為司馬懿父子所殺。叔夜悲憤之懷,寫之於琴,以名其曲、言魏之忠臣散殄於廣陵也。蓋避當時之禍,乃托於鬼神耳。」叔夜自云,「靳固其曲,不以傳袁孝己。」唐乾符間待詔王遨,為季山甫鼓之。近代大定間汴梁留後完顏光祿者命士人張研一彈之,因請中議大夫張崇為譜序。崇備敘此事,渠云,「驗於琴譜,有井里、別姊、辭卿、報義、取韓相、投劍之類,皆剌客聶政為嚴仲子剌殺韓相俠累之事,特無與揚州事相近者。意其叔夜以廣陵散名曲,微示其意,而終畏晉禍。其敘其聲,假聶之事為名耳。韓皋徒知托於鬼物以避難,而不知其序其聲皆有所托也。」崇敬之論似是而非。余以為叔夜作此曲也,晉尚未受禪,慢商與宮同聲,臣行君道,指司馬懿父子權侔人主,以悟時君也。又序聶政之事以譏權臣之罪,不俠累,安得仗義之士以誅君側之惡?有所激也。不然,則遠引聶政之事,甚無謂也。泰也間,待詔張器之亦彈此曲,每至沈思、峻跡二篇緩彈之;節奏支離,未盡其善。獨棲嚴老人混而為一,士大夫期其精妙。其子闌亦得棲嚴之遺意焉。
Some significant modern commentary is listed
here. Perhaps the most recent article of significance is the one by Ding Chengyun
(pdf).
1.
Prefaces
Appendix: Commentary from other sources
The following further commentaries from sources outside of Qinqu Jicheng were copied here from various websites.
translation
Footnotes (Shorthand references are explained on a
separate page)
These can all be found in Zha Fuxi's Guide. This does not seem yet to have been published online, but much of its content has been put online separately. Here the prefaces and other comments have mostly been downloaded from the internet (various sources).
(Return)
Return to the Guqin ToC