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| Qinshu Cunmu Guqin Melodies Other Qin Books and Tablature | 首頁 |
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Guqin Handbooks
1
An Annotated List |
琴譜
Volume 1 of Qinqu Jicheng2 (From the incomplete edition) |
Qin music is collected in qinpu (qin handbooks). The annotated Catalogue of Qin Books has many that no longer exist, but the ones listed here all do. A few, such as #4 Taigu Yiyin (see also Other Qin Books and Tablature) have only instructive articles, but most have qin melodies written out in the distinctive qin tablature.
In China in the 1950s Zha Fuxi led a project of locating existing qin players, instruments and handbooks. The search for players led to a number of important historical recordings. The search for handbooks led eventually to the handbook collection described here. First, though, data from this research was published in his "Guide" (1958). The Guide listed all the handbooks he had found, but it did not index them all: Zha commented on and indexed 109 through 1946, then listed separately but did not index 35 hand-copied tablature collections that were unavailable or seemed to include only tablature also published elsewhere.3 Since then more than 30 more handbooks have been discovered, most from the 19th and 20th centuries.4 As a result, the Surviving Qin Handbooks list below now has 150 through 1946.5
The 30-volume Collection of Qin Melodies (Qinqu Jicheng),6 finally published in 2010, could be considered the culmination and completion of Zha Fuxi's original project; it reprints most of the known surviving guqin handbooks. From the start there had been a plan to print all of these handbooks in a series of this title, but two earlier planned series were never finished.
The original Qinqu Jicheng series began and ended with only one volume, published in 1963; this volume is referred to here as (part of) the "original series".7
After the Cultural Revolution the reissue of old handbooks resumed in China, but with the aim now being more clearly to include all the available qinpu of note. As a result between 1981 (Volume I) and 1991 (Volume 17, having skipped Volume 15) most of the surviving handbooks up to 1802 were re-published, several at a time. This new anthology was also called Qinqu Jicheng.8
After 1991 there were further delays in continuing the project. Then in June 2010 it was announced that the complete Qinqu Jicheng series was now available as a 30-volume set. Here it should be noted that, in spite of its including many handbooks not mentioned in the 1958 Zha Guide, one can still find references to yet more handbooks that may or may not still exist; these include some early Zhucheng school handbooks.9
Two of the handbooks missing from the 30-volume Qinqu Jicheng were included in Qin Fu, published in Taiwan in 1971 by Tong Kin-Woon. Qin Fu altogether has 12 qin handbooks, plus other qin related writings, including some that were then available only in Taiwan.10 In addition, a number of individual handbooks have been published in facsimile editions.
The following annotated list includes basic information on the 139 qin handbooks included in the various editions of QQJC, plus 11 not included there.11 In addition there are links to further information about all of the handbooks surviving from prior to the beginning of the Qing dynasty (1644). The ones on which I have done the most work are also included on a separate list; the other linked volumes here have varying amounts of information, some of it done hastily while I was examining these later handbooks to compare the melodies with the versions in Shen Qi Mi Pu. None of this is a finished product.
| Surviving Qin Handbooks （現存琴譜列表） 12 | 古琴目錄 |
1.
Guqin handbooks (琴譜 qinpu)
琴譜 21570.191 gives a modern description with example. The earliest reference is 唐書，藝文志 Tang History, Art annals: 劉氏周氏琴譜四卷 Handbook in four Folios of the Liu Family and Zhou Family. The other references are to the Song history and a comment by Pi Rixiu.
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2.
Image
Compare with image of Volume I from the 2010 edition
below.
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3.
Handbooks "insl": in secondary list of Zha's 1958
Guide (these were not indexed by Zha)
This secondary list (see Zha Fuxi's Guide
Part 4) has the names of 35 handbooks that he mentions but did not index. Some were not available to him at that time, particularly those in Taiwan; others were available to him but were hand-copies with material already published elsewhere. Five handbooks from this secondary list have subsequently been included in QQJC. These are:
These five plus the following two (for reasons noted) have been added to my list above:
All seven are marked above as "insl".
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4.
Handbooks uncovered after Zha's project in the 1950s
A search for "niml" (see next footnote) will show that 9 additional handbooks were discovered in time to be included in the 16 Qinqu Jicheng volumes published between 1981 and 1991, while 26 additions have been included in the rest, i.e., vols. 15 and 18-30 of the 2010 30 volume limited edition.
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5.
Handbooks listed above but "niml": not in main list of Zha's 1958
Guide (hence not indexed by Zha)
Zha Fuxi's Guide to Existing Guqin Pieces in Tablature (1958) indexed 109 handbooks through 1946; three entries have appendices ("apx") which in my list are separate items, making 112 in all. Meanwhile, the list above has altogether 150 titles through 1946, an addition of 38. These 38 can be found by searching this page for "niml". Of the 38, three of the first five are not in QQJC ("niqqjc"), while seven were in the Guide's listed but not indexed section ("insl").
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| 6. 30-Volume Edition of 2010 (Contents list, in Chinese) | 2010 edition, Vol. 1 (1981) |
A comparison of this virtually complete collection of old handbooks with the small number of handbooks published in the Siku Quanshu reminds one that, in general, most of the traditional large book collections in China did not include books of qin tablature, or at least did not index them if they were included. I do not know that what extent this might also have been true of other books with music, such as books with regional music in gongche or another traditional notation (i.e., giving note names rather than tablature). In any case, the earlier exclusion alone shows the significance of the publication of this 30-volume edition: it provides potential access (through dapu) to a rich store of written music, much of it previously very difficult to find.
Some details of this edition of Qinqu Jicheng are as of this writing available on the 中華書局 China Book Company website (q.v., in particular this page). It became available for 預訂 ordering in June 2010; I acquired a copy in May 2011. My preliminary examination indicates that in completing this publication project, which had begun with the earlier QQJC, no further handbooks were discovered.
Pagination used in the 30-volume edition will, unfortunately, cause me some problems incorporating its details into my website, as well as causing problems for future readers in general who may encounter references based on the previous edition: the new system has immediately put the old references (such as on this website) off by several pages. Basically what they have done in reprinting the earlier volumes is print the materials exactly as they had been done previously: every volume has anywhere from one to twelve handbooks, each handbook separated by a sheet with the title on one side and blank on the other. In the earlier publications these two sheets were not numbered; in the new edition they are. This means that, for example, by the end of Volume 1, which includes twelve handbooks, the last page number (465) is 24 higher than the last page of the earlier edition (441).
In my listing List of Surviving Qin Handbooks
above I have indicated in bold the location of all the handbooks in all 30 volumes. As I write this I have not yet examined volumes 15 and 18 - 30, so there may be mistakes. A preliminary examination suggests that the 30-volume edition has included at least 20 handbooks that were not mentioned in Zha's Guide, but it also omits some (see list).
Here are the differences I have so far observed between the 30-volume edition and the previous ones:
The other significant difference I have so far noted is that the 30-Volume edition begins with a one page anonymous preface, dated April 2, 2010, from the 中國藝術研究院音樂研究所 Research Institute of Music of the Chinese Academy of Arts. This is followed by the complete table of contents, as listed
below, for the entire 30-volume set.
The first paragraph of the preface states that the publication project began in 1981 but for serious reasons publication ended after 16 volumes. Now, due to its importance, the China Book Company has decided to go ahead and publish the entire set. There is then mention of some works not included, adding that they may be published in future as additional volumes.
The second paragraph points out that Zha Fuxi had written prefaces for the later volumes and that these were published in 1995 in his
Collected Writings about the Qin. It says that these are what is used as the modern prefaces in the present edition, with some revisions.
The final paragraph gives vague thanks to people and organizations for help.
7.
琴曲集成 Qinqu Jicheng (Collection of Qin Melodies), Original Series
8.
琴曲集成 Qinqu Jicheng (Collection of Qin Melodies) (QQJC)
In addition, Buxuxian Qinpu (1556) was available only in a truncated version (photocopies of the full edition have circulated).
Zha's Guide seems to suggest all of these were in the 中央音樂學院 Central Academy of Music.
9.
Early 諸城派 Zhucheng School handbooks (Proto-Meian or Mei An)
10.
琴府 Qin Fu, compiled by Tong Kin-Woon, Taiwan, 1971
Volume 2 of Qin Fu continues with (details in this
.pdf file of the contents [573KB]):
For entries 16 to 19 the pages are numbered right to left; everything else is left to right. Because of this, Dr. Tong's end notes for the entire book are placed after entry 15 (separately numbered pp. 1-48 right to left); this is followed by essays by Dr. Tong on the various entries, again separately numbered (pp.1-20 right to left).
11.
Handbooks listed here but "niqqjc": not published in Qinqu Jicheng
Also not in Qinqu Jicheng are the handbooks published after 1946.
12.
Availability of qin handbooks
As for availability of hard copies, the Qinqu Jicheng series begun in 1981 (originally planned as 24 or 30 volumes) stopped after Volume XVII, but with Volume XV also never published. As a result, it includes most surviving printed qin handbooks through 1802, none later. Although long out of print, Qinqu Jicheng volumes can be found in libraries.
Regarding my list above, volumes included in Qinqu Jicheng or Tong Kin-Woon's Qin Fu are indicated by number. Thus for Qinqu Jicheng I.2 means this listed handbook is the second one reprinted in Volume I. Currently the list is being adjusted to take into account the 30-volume set published in 2010.
References to Facsimile Editions
中國書店 Zhongguo Shudian (ZGSD)
第 1冊 (12 譜)
第 2冊 (2 譜)
第 3冊 (4 譜)
第 4冊 (3 譜)
第 5冊 (1 譜)
第 6冊 (5 譜)
第 7冊 (4 譜)
第 8冊 (4 譜)
第 9冊 (6 譜)
第10冊 (3 譜)
第11冊 (4 譜)
第12冊 (8 譜)
第13冊 (5 譜)
第14冊 (4 譜)
第15冊 (5 譜)
第16冊 (4 譜)
第17冊 (2 譜)
第18冊 (7 譜)
第19冊 (4 譜)
第20冊 (7 譜)
第21冊 (3 譜)
第22冊 (4 譜)
第23冊 (7 譜)
第24冊 (9 譜)
第25冊 (1 譜)
第26冊 (5 譜)
第27冊 (5 譜)
第28冊 (3 譜)
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The original series, also published by Zhonghua Shuju, was published in 1963. Apparently two volumes were being prepared, but the second volume was never published. It was then superceded by the new series.
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New series, 中華書局出版發行 Zhonghua Shuju Chuban Faxing, Beijing (Vol. 1 - 8) and Shanghai (Vols 9 - 17, except 15)
Replaced original Qinqu Jicheng
Superceded by 30 volume Qinqu Jicheng
(With the publication of the complete series in 2010, the information in this footnote is largely relevant as an explanation of the lack certain types of detail on this website, largely written prior to 2010.) Apparently this series was originally planned to reprint all known surviving handbooks in 24 volumes. It is not clear why publication of this series stopped after Vol. XVII was printed in 1991, with Vol XV never completed. What this meant, though, was that as of 2010 the series included all but seven of the known qin handbooks published through 1802 but none later. As for before 1802, if one also includes the handbooks published in Tong Kin-Woon's Qin Fu and in the Zhongguo Shudian facsimile editions, discussed below, then the only significant handbooks through 1802 still unavailable in reprint were as follows:
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These are discussed further in a
footnote to the page on
Longyinguan Qinpu
(ToC), which is said to be a predecessor of Meian Qinpu
(ToC). Zha Guide classifies Meian school players as Zhucheng (see chart of traditional qin schools). Of those listed below only one (1839) is included in the 2010 new series.
2 folios, 8 pieces
1 folio, 14 pieces (only its Changmen Yuan and Pingsha Luo Yan are in Meian Qinpu; Zha Fuxi: first Shandong handbook since 1670); handcopy
? folios, ? pieces; by Wang Xinyuan 王心源, a son of Wang Fuchang,
? folios, ? pieces
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There are two handbooks in Qin Fu missing from the 30-Volume Qinqu Jicheng: Longhu Qinpu and Jinyu Qin Kan.
Volume 1 of Qin Fu consists of the following 12 handbooks (also search above for "QF"):
- endnotes by Dr. Tong on the modern essays (QF pp.2045-2056)
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At present these include the following (marked "niqqjc" above):
(See 2010 contents and note combined handbooks in Vol.7 and Vol.12)
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It is not clear how the publication in 2010 of the
30-volume edition will affect websites that as of that date made available most of the existing Qinqu Jicheng in .pdf format (see, for example,
www.han-people.com; it is missing Vol. X; 134.5 MB: selecting www.han-people.com/music/guqin_staff.rar should begin an immediate download).
A number of qin handbooks are available in facsimile reprint. Most of these are being published by Zhongguo Shudian.
Zhongguo Shudian (China Bookstore) has a shop in Liuli Chang, an area of Beijing that sells books and curios. Their address is: 北京市宣武區琉璃廠東街一一五號 #115 East Street, Liulichang, Xuanwu District, Beijing (entrance on 南新華路 South Xinhua Street). Some of their facsimile reprints include new commentary on the handbooks. They list currently available facsimile reprints of qin handbooks on their website, http://www.zgsd.net/. Most of them can be found by searching under 书名 book name for 琴谱 (simplified characters). However, this search does not find volumes (e.g. Qinxue Rumen) which do not include "qinpu" in their title.
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Appendix
Table of Contents for the 30-volume edition of 2010
琴曲集成2010限量發行本目錄
This collection has 139 pu through 1946 instead of the 150
above: see comment"
碣石調幽蘭
白石道人歌曲
事林廣記
太古遺音
新刊太音大全集
神奇秘譜
五聲琴譜
浙音釋字琴譜
謝琳太古遺音
黃士達太古遺音
新刊發明琴譜
梧岡琴譜
風宣玄品
琴譜正傳
西麓堂琴統
步虛仙琴譜
杏莊太音補遺
杏莊太音續譜
太音傳習
五音琴譜
重修真傳琴譜
琴書大全
玉梧琴譜
三教同聲
文會堂琴譜
藏春塢琴譜
三才圖會續集
綠綺新聲
真傳正宗琴譜
太古遺音（又本）
伯牙心法（又本）
陽春堂琴經
陽春堂琴譜
琴適
松弦館琴譜
新傳理性元雅
樂仙琴譜
思齊堂琴譜
太音希聲
古音正宗
中洲草堂遺集
義軒琴經
陶氏琴譜
徽言秘旨
徽言秘旨訂
大還閣琴譜
愧庵琴譜
臣卉堂琴譜
友聲社琴譜
琴苑心傳全編
琴學心聲諧譜
和文注音琴譜
明和本東皋琴譜（1772本）
太原止郎本東皋琴譜（1898本）
松風閣琴譜
抒懷操
松聲操
松風閣琴瑟譜
德音堂琴譜
琴瑟合璧
琴譜析微
蓼懷堂琴譜
誠一堂琴譜
一峰園琴譜
琴學正聲
響山堂琴譜
澄鑒堂琴譜
五知齋琴譜
臥雲樓琴譜
東園琴譜
存古堂琴譜
光裕堂琴譜
琴書千古
穎陽琴譜
蘭田館琴譜
大樂母音
研露樓琴譜
琴香堂琴譜
自遠堂琴譜
立雪齋琴譜
琴學練要
春草堂琴譜
敏亭琴劍合譜
龍吟閣秘本琴譜
桐園草堂陽關三疊
酣古齋琴譜
太和正音琴譜
裛露軒琴譜
響雪山房琴譜
小蘭琴譜
蕭立禮琴說
虞山李氏琴譜
琴譜諧聲
指法匯參確解
峰抱樓琴譜
琴學參變
琴學軔端
鄰鶴齋琴譜
天籟閣琴譜
律話
梅花仙館琴譜
一經廬琴學
律音匯考
悟雪山房琴譜
樂山堂琴譜
琴譜正律
二香琴譜
行有恆堂錄存琴譜
張鞠田琴譜
槐蔭書屋琴譜
稚雲琴譜
師白山房琴譜
荻灰館琴譜
錢壽占琴譜十操
秋水齋琴譜
錢塘諸氏琴譜
琴學尊聞
琴學入門
青箱齋琴譜
白菡萏香館琴譜
天聞閣琴譜
蕉庵琴譜
琴瑟合譜
以六正五之齋琴學秘譜
希韶閣琴譜集成
希韶閣琴瑟合譜
枕經葄史山房雜抄
雙琴書屋琴譜集成
養性堂琴譜
綠綺清韻
友石山房琴譜
枯木禪琴譜
鄂公祠說琴
琴學初津