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| Zheyin ToC Compare Guan Ju Qu (1511) / Themes: Confucian / Birds | 聽錄音 My recording with transcription / 首頁 |
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01. Cry of the Ospreys
- Zhi mode, standard tuning: 2 1 2 4 5 6 1 2 |
關雎
1
Guan Ju An osprey 3 |
Guan Qu is the first melody in the handbook Zheyin Shizi Qinpu
(>1505) that is not identical to a melody in Shen Qi Mi Pu (1425). For this reason it is also the first melody on my CD Music Beyond Sound.
Although Zheyin Shizi Qinpu added lyrics to all its melodies, it seems unlikely that they were intended to be sung (on this see further comment below). In fact, although the title of this melody is the title of the first poem in the over 2,500 year-old Book of Songs (Shi Jing), here the lyrics do not form a love song, as did the original Guan Ju lyrics. Instead the lyrics serve as a political commentary on the affairs of the Zhou dynasty.4
In this way the present Guan Ju stands in contrast to the melodically related but textually different Guan Ju Qu published around the same time in Taigu Yiyin (1511). That version actually sets to music not just Guan Ju itself but also the entirety of the next four poems, word for word (see in 1511). In >1505 there is instead mention of such historical figures as Shao5, and the real focus is on such matters as how the marriage of Wen Wang and his queen symbolize the harmony of society under his rule.6
Note, however, that here Section Six does directly quote from the Guan Ju as in the Shi Jing, and it sets this section apart by putting it in harmonics. However, it only includes the lyrics of two the five stanzas that comprise the original poem (stanzas 1 and 3).
These original Shi Jing lyrics included in the present version of Guan Ju are thus only as follows:7
"Guan, guan," trill the ospreys,
On the island in the creek.
Modest is the gentle beauty,
Fine for the gentleman to seek.
3
He seeks but cannot get her,
he thinks of her day and night.
Twisting and turning in his plight. (why not "Alas! Alas!"?)
He twists and turns in his plight.
Other than these four-character phrases in Section 6, the lyrics of >1505 basically consist of phrases of irregular length.
It was common within the qin tradition to suggest that this was one of the most ancient melodies, perhaps attributing it specifically to Zhou Gong, son of Wen Wang and younger brother of Wu Wang, first ruler of the Zhou dynasty (1122-255). However, this title does not seem to appear on early qin melody lists, and it is not at all clear from where the melody came when it started appearing in qin handbooks around 1500.
During the rest of the Ming and throughout the Qing dynasty Guan Ju was one of the most popular of all qin pieces, found in at least 54 handbooks from >1505 to 1894.8 Of these, the 1511 version may actually have been intended for singing. And later ones perhaps added lyrics simply because these two earliest known tablatures had them. Another possibility is that lyrics were included because of an old attitude that said, "if you play then you must sing it".
On the other hand, most surviving Guan Ju tablature is for a purely instrumental piece, with only about 10 (including the first four) having lyrics and only two seeming to have the complete original Shi Jing lyrics. Most of the lyrics are variants on the lyrics used here.9 The aim of the lyrics seems intended to edify the player about the significance of the poem as well as the melody.
In my attempt to reconsruct what might have been the original melody I tried to pay attention to the way someone might have read or recited the lyrics. In general the lyrics in this handbook are not considered to be of a very high standard. In addition, actually singing them seems quite awkward. However, it was interesting to me to keep them in mind while I was reconstructing the piece: the music does seem to enhance the value of the lyrics. In this light, it could be interesting for someone else to recite them while listening to the melody being played. That this was at least sometimes done is evidenced by some published later criticism of such a practice. In contrast, versions such as this one from 1722 relate how the music itself can be sufficient to express the significance of the theme.
The last of the traditional handbooks to include a version of Guan Ju was dated 1894. Thus, any version heard today will be one not passed on through lineal descent but through a modern reconstruction from old tablature, such as my own versions from here (on CD) and from 1511.
The Beyond-Sounds Immortal says,
Ah! His happiness - could anything be so great!
Music
Timings follow the recording on
my CD;
聽錄音 listen with
my revised transcription.
In addition I have made a video that adds, as a prelude, Section 1 of the 1511 Guan Ju Qu
Nine titled sections, all with lyrics
(中文歌詞; pdf):
11
00.00 1. The prince-like osprey finds a good marriage
01.06 2. Very gentle are (the wives of the royal family of) Zhou and Shao
02.09 3. Using (a birdcall) as a metaphor for (the queen's virtue)
02.40 4. Praise (her) virtue and acclaim (her) conduct
03.26 5. (Like) the wind (, the queen) guides the world
04.00 6. They mutually call out in harmony to each other
(harmonics; sing stanzas 1 and 3)
04.19 7. The correct (wedding) ceremony (leads to) a successful marriage
05.19 8. (The king and queen's) virtue (is) as great as heaven and earth
05.59 9. (The king and queen have) eternal worship in the Zhou family temple
06.37 "Sound begins ending" (? Play closing harmonics)
06.54 End
Footnotes (Shorthand references are explained on a
separate page)
1.
Guan Ju references
42402.191 關雎 Guan Ju begins by saying it is the name of a bird, same as 魚鷹 yuying (fish hawk, etc.). It then mentions the Shi Jing poem; although the poems lyrics have been set to qin melodies such as Guan Ju Qu, the entry does not mention qin or music.
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2.
Zhi mode
Standard tuning is also considered as 5 6 1 2 3 5 6 , but 1 2 4 5 6 1 2 seems to work better here. The music of this version of Guan Ju is more diatonic than pentatonic. The accompanying transcription, by treating the open first string as 1 (C) makes the tonal center here 5 (G), the equivalent of the open fourth string; the secondary tonal center is then 2 (D), the equivalent of the open second string. It is tempting instead to consider the open fourth string as 1 (transposing the tuning to 4 5 7 1 2 4 5). In this case the secondary tonal center would generally be 5 (G). However, 4 (F) would be more prominent than is common in qin melodies. And in this case the scale generally used would then become 1 2 3 4 5 6 7b 1 , with 3 often changed to flatted 3 and flatted 7 sometimes changed to 7. For more information about zhi mode see
Shenpin Zhi Yi. For modes in general see Modality in Early Ming Qin Tablature.
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3.
Image
See full image with further information
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| 4. Confucian commentary used as lyrics | Original tablature for Guan Ju (.pdf) |
The entire Shi Jing is said to have been compiled by Confucius. However, while many of the poems are clearly love songs (including the first five), early Confucians gave them all political meaning. See, for example, this
Wikipedia article that traces the long history of commentary on this poem. Here the music is set to such commentary, much of it directly quoting or closely paraphrasing the neo-Confucian philosopher Zhu Xi (1130 - 1200; see
詩經：朱熹集傳詩經.
);
One of the new ideas for interpretation introduced by Zhu Xi was to say the authers were ladies of the court. Memorization of Zhu Xi texts would have been an important part of traditional education (preparing for the civil service exams), and one might speculate as to whether the music here was intended to help in the memorization of such texts. This is part of larger questions such as how the "lyrics" were treated in the past, and how one should treat them at present. While the music is played should, or was it intended that, the lyrics be sung, recited out loud, read quietly or ignored as irrelevant?
The reason for these questions is that, based on my understanding of the music as expressed in my transcription and recording (linked above as well as in the copies of the punctuated text linked below), it is not clear how well the person (or people) who paired the words and music here actually knew and understood both. To examine this keep in mind that, at least until the 20th century, qin music and lyrics were almost always paired following a quite strict traditional formula: one character for each right hand stroke and certain left hand plucks. And to complicate matters even more, the original tablature (see at right) has no punctuation,
With this in mind one should examine three possibilities:
- The music and lyrics were created together
- The lyrics came first, then music was paired to the lyrics
- The music came first, then lyrics were paired to the music
So far, my examination of all this (and this includes the other melodies in the present handbook as well) suggests that the music came first; perhaps in some cases the music was adjusted to fit the lyrics that were being added, but the music was not originally intended for singing. There being no punctuation in the tablature, my understanding of the musical phrasing largely comes from the music itself. And the music, rather than always following the literary phrasing, sometimes does not fit well with the standard punctuation given for the texts in non-musical sources, inluding where the text is quoting Zhu Xi. In addition, in at least some cases the original by Zhu Xi may have been paraphrased to fit the music according to the formula just mentioned. In other cases there may be more than one way of understanding the text, allowing different interpretations of the phrasing.
This needs to be studied further (beginning with a full translation of the text/lyrics). At present, though, an example of where I cannot make the phrasing of the music fit the phrasing of the lyrics can be seen and heard at the end of Section 8 (mm.241-260 of my my transcription. Here, as usual, I chose rhythms based on structures I find in the music, at the same time trying to keep in mind the structures implied by the lyrics. The melody is in zhi mode, with the tonal center on 5 (transcribed here in staff notation as G). There is a fairly common ending to this section: a phrase (mm.251-253) ending on 2 (A) followed by a phrase (mm.254-260) ending on 1 (G). As can be seen, both phrases begin with the same four tablature clusters (comprising 4 notes), but whereas the former directly ends with 7-6-6, the latter goes through an extended elaboration before ending on 6-5-5. This structure requires beginning the phrase at m.251 with the characters "人道", which in Zhu Xi ends a phrase. (For "你那" and other pairing inconsistencies see
this and its surrounding footnotes.)
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5.
召 Shao
"Shao" apparently refers to the family of 召公 Shao Gong, the Duke of Shao. He was a brother of 武王 Wu Wang. Shao became "famous for his benevolent stance towards the people in the south he was entrusted to govern....The Duke of Shao was a functionary in the central government of the Zhou. The post was taken over by heirs of Shao Gong Shi, yet only a few names are transmitted." (China Knowledge, which has a list of the known later Dukes of Shao).
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6.
Significance of the lyrics (the complete lyrics are
below)
Most versions with lyrics (listed below) focus on the virtues of Wen Wang and his wife. Likewise all the versions with commentary discuss these virtues. This was typical of classical Chinese commentary on the poems in general; it has only been in modern times that commentary has turned to the original romantic themes of many Shi Jing poems.
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7.
Shi Jing lyrics in Guan Ju compared to
the original lyrics
The original Shi Jing poem has 20 four-character phrases arranged as five verses of four phrases (or two couplets) each each ([{4+4}x2] x 5). Here lines from this original poem can be found only in Section 6, as follows:
求之不得，寤寐思服。展轉返側，展轉反側。 (would be = verse 3 if the second 展轉返側 were 悠哉悠哉 Alas! Alas!)
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8.
Tracing Guan Ju (tracing chart)
The chart below is based largely on Zha Guide 11/109/179 關雎曲 Guan Ju Qu. In all, at least 54 handbooks from >1505 to 1894 include Guan Ju or a related title.
Of these, nine early handbooks include lyrics:
Taigu Yiyin (1511), lyrics are Shi Jing poems 1-5
Xilutang Qintong (1525); Section 5 is set to the opening 4x4 verse
Faming Qinpu (1530); different new lyrics, but related to ZYSZQP
Longhu Qinpu (1571); like 1511, but sectioning is different
Chongxiu Zhenchuan Qinpu (1585): lyrics quite similar to those in ZYSZQP
Lixing Yuanya (1618): two versions, #1 like 1585, #2 like 1511 but only poem 1 and only for 5 strings (one of 13)
Lixuezhai Qinpu (1730): again new lyrics but still focused on virtues of Wen Wang's queen
Lüyin Huigai (1835); like 1618, #2
No later versions seem to have lyrics.
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9.
Differing lyrics
For versions with the complete original Shi Jing lyrics see
1511 and 1618 in the
chart below. Those with partial Shi Jing lyrics usually place them in their Section 6. The quite varied similarity of the lyrics of these other versions might be accounted for by the likelihood that they were never actually sung. Someone would learn a version with lyrics but in the process of making it his or her own would change the melody. Changing the melody usually required changing the lyrics because, whether actually sung or not, they had to accord with the standard入 pairing method. This is probably one reason why 1730 has only the partial Shi Jing lyrics in its Section 6: it was revising an earlier melody, not creating a new longer one, and these other versions mostly have a short version of the Shi Jing lyrics in their Section 6.
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10.
Original preface
The original Chinese preface can be seen under
關雎.
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11.
Music and lyrics (compare
1511; timings below
follow my recording 聽錄音)
The original Chinese section titles are (see translation; see also my revised transcription):
01.06 2. 大鬧周召 （大閒周、召 ？）
02.09 3. 即物興人
02.40 4. 舉德稱行
03.26 5. 風化天下
04.00 6. 相與和鳴 (泛音； 見 詩經，第一、第三段)
04.19 7. 禮正婚姻
05.19 8. 德侔天地
05.59 9. 配享宗周
06.37 入終聲（泛音：10段，雎鳩和樂？ 看 《禪真逸史》）
06.54 曲終
The lyrics here begin by using phrases from commentary on the Shi Jing ("江沱汝漢" are the Yangzi, Tuo, Ru and Han rivers, all flowing through the southern part of Zhou territory; "河洲" is a general name for the area. See, e.g., commentary by Zhu Xi at ctext.org, etc.)
Original lyrics for the >1505 Guan Ju. (pdf of lyrics only;
pdf of same from
Zha's Guide)
The complete original Chinese section titles and lyrics are as follows. The phrasing, which follows my understanding of the music, is in places somewhat different from that in Zha's Guide. Here below, two consecutive punctuation marks without text between them means that the previous phrase should be repeated; it is not clear whether it is intended that the lyrics also be repeated.
Section 1 was translated by 趙鵬 Zhao Peng; Sections 2 to 7 by 朱元虎 Zhu Yuanhu
- 關雎
- 王雎善匹 (00.00)
Wáng jū shàn pǐ
The prince-like osprey finds a good marriage江、沱、汝、漢河洲，赤沙碧草地偏幽。
Jiāng, Tuó, Rǔ, Hàn hé zhōu, chì shā bì cǎo dì piān yōu.
On islets of the Jiang, Tuo, Ru, and Han rivers; secluded land of ruby sands and emerald grasses.看並立王鳩，雌雄聲應也氣求，
Kàn bìng lì wáng jiū, cí xióng shēng yīng yě qì qiú,
Lo, a pair of ospreys, a couple tweet in harmony.關關相友和柔。 。
Guān guān xiāng yǒu hé róu. .
"Guan Guan" (they call), amicably and gently, .雙宿食，雙並游，鳩無相狎愛姿優那游。
Shuāng sù shí, shuāng bìng yóu, jiū wū xiāng xiá ài zī yōu nà yóu.
Together they rest and eat; together they swim, affectionate but never inappropriate.水禽鳥，難為儔，鳧鷖狀類，德不相侔。
Shuǐ qín niǎo, nán wéi chóu, fú yī zhuàng lèi, dé bù xiāng móu.
Waterfowl are hard to pair; for the likes of ducks and gulls, there is no matching virtue.摯而那有別，「關雎」冠於毛傳首，
Zhì ér nà yǒu bié, guān jū guān yú Máo chuán shǒu,
Expressing affection while apart, "Guan Ju" is at the pinnacle of poetry passed on by Mao.思憶憶，周文王后妃有聖德，宜相好逑。
Sī yì yì, Zhōu Wén Wáng hòu fēi yǒu shèng dé, yí xiāng hǎo qiú.
Always remember this, King Wen's queen had great virtue, making a fine consort.
- 大閒（閑）周、召 (01.06)
Dà xián (xián) Zhōu, Shào
Very gentle are (the wives of the royal famiy of) Zhou and Shao大閑那《周》、《召》。
Da Xian na "Zhōu" "Shào".
There is that basic behavior rule for Zhou and Shao.雎鳩也有定偶，那死生同命，
Jū jiū yě yǒu dìng ǒu, nà sǐ shēng tóng mìng,
The ospreys also have their destined partner, sharing the same fate in life and death.詩人托物的那於以起賦比興。
Shī rén tuō wù dì nà yú yǐ qǐ fù bǐ xìng.
The poet employs the use of metaphor, so as to begin with fu, bi and xing.周南召南的那諷誦絃歌之聲，相應和鳴。
Zhōu nán Zhào nán dì nà fèng sòng xián gē zhī shēng, xiāng yìng hè míng.
Zhou South and Zhao South, that the sound of reading, chanting, playing music and singing, all resonate in harmony.后妃聖德，纓閒貞靜也，有以宜配文王。 (幽閒 is elsewhere 纓閒)
Hòu fēi shèng dé, yīng xián zhēn jìng yě, yǒu yǐ yí pèi Wén Wáng.
The queen is of sagely virtue, elegant, gentle, loyal, quiet, so as to match King Wen.亦若雎鳩的那陰陽定偶，關關然相應如賓友。
Yì ruò jū jiū dì nà yīn yáng dìng ǒu, "guān guān" rán xiāng yìng rú bīn yǒu.
Just like the yin-yang mating of the ospreys, "Guan Guan" (they call), amicably and gently, as if answering guests and friends.思憶憶也。
Sī yì yì yě.
Ai yah!周文王后妃有聖德，宜相好求。
Zhōu Wén Wáng hòu fēi yǒu shèng dé, yí xiāng hǎo qiú.
King Wen's queen had great virtue, making a fine consort.- 即物興人 (02.09)
Jí wù xìng rén
Be close to things and begin with human’s virtue.即鳥聲之和，與女德之和。
Jí niǎo shēng zhī hé, yǔ nǚ dé zhī hé.
Be close to the harmony of the bird’s singing, and begin with the peace of women's virtue.致貞淑，南北絃歌。
Zhì zhēn shū, nán běi xián gē.
Become loyal and gentle, play stringed instruments and sing songs from south to north.美成內治，普德而多，
Měi chéng nèi zhì, pǔ dé ér duō,
Glorious achievements and self inner governance, virtues become many and spread around.善匹善處而如何，而如何。
Shàn pǐ shàn chǔ ér rú hé, ér rú hé.
Be good at matching a partner, be good at living with the partner, what else can one do, what else can one do?宗廟之主，綱紀而呵，
Zōng miào zhī zhǔ, gāng jì ér hē,
Master of the ancestral temple, (The master) of order and law, ah.
統理天下，萬物而呵，
Tǒng lǐ tiān xià, wàn wù ér hē,
To rule the world, (to rule) all things, ah.被之筦絃，房中之樂。 (筦絃 is the same as 管絃)
Bèi zhī guǎn xián, fáng zhōng zhī lè.
Enjoy the orchestral music, (and) the happiness of love.
- 舉（興？）德稱行 (02.40)
Jǔ (xing?) dé chēng xíng
Praise (her) virtue and acclaim (her) conduct《關雎》后妃，德舉全體。
Guān jū hòu fēi, dé jǔ quán tǐ.
The queen (in the poem) "Guan Ju" has all good behavior,（「仝后」？）
(Tóng hòu?)
??? (Here and below mention is made of Shi Jing #1, #2, #4 and #5; why not #3 卷耳 Juan Er?)貴而勤，
Guì ér qín
(She is) noble and hardworking.《葛覃》志行在己，
"Gé Tán" zhì xíng zài jǐ,
In "Cloth plant" will and behavior concern one's own.《樛木》《螽斯》德惠及人，福履綏之矣。
"Jiū mù" "Zhōng sī" dé huì jí rén, fú lǚ suī zhī yǐ.
In "Trees with drooping branches" and "Locusts" the virtue benefits others and blessings follow.合太和，致中和，茂德音，呵，
Hé tài hé, zhì zhōng hé, mào dé yīn hē,
Accord with supreme harmony, attain central harmony, foster virtue reputation, ah.關雎流水之河，
Guān jū liú shuǐ zhī hé,
The ospreys call as they float on the river,相與和樂， ，
Xiāng yǔ hé lè, ,
相與和樂，，和樂。於是德化大成，
Xiāng yǔ hé lè, , hé lè. Yú shì dé huà dà chéng,
Being with each other in harmony, in harmony, so moral education brings great success.於內相從，汝漢江沱。
Yú nèi xiāng cóng, rǔ Hàn, Jiāng, Tuó.
Inside, the ospreys follow each other to the Jiang, Tuo, Ru, and Han rivers.被之管絃，而為房中之樂。
Bèi zhī guǎn xián, ér wéi fáng zhōng zhī lè.
(So) enjoy orchestral music and the happiness of love.
- 風化天下 (03.26)
Fēng huà tiān xià
(Like) the wind (, the queen) guides the world女德在貞淑，女行在昭德。
Nǚ dé zài zhēn shū, nǚ xíng zài zhāo dé.
Women’s virtue is loyalty and gentleness, women’s behavior is to display virtue.慎固幽深，太姒也風化天下， (幽深 is elsewhere 纓深)
Shèn gù yōu shēn, tài sì yě fēng huà tiān xià,
(The wife of Wen Wang,) Tai Si, is prudent, firm, gentle, profound, moralizing people around the land.正位於後宮，其儀不忒。
Zhèng wèi yú hòu gōng, qí yí bù tè.
Ensure the right conduct in the imperial harem. Her behavior has no mistakes.關雎風化南而北，
Guān jū fēng huà nán ér běi,
“Guan Ju” brings morality from south to north.民俗歌謠，的那閨門鄉黨而邦國。
Mín sú gē yáo, dì nà guī mén xiāng dǎng ér bāng guó.
Folk songs, ah, from family to village and thence to country.上天作合非偶然，誦詩三百。
Shàng tiān zuò hé fēi ǒu rán, sòng shī sān bǎi.
The combination by Heaven is not accidental: sing the Three Hundred Poems (i.e., the Shi Jing.
- 相與和鳴（泛音; 04.00)
Xiāng yǔ hè míng
(Sing out in harmony to each other)關關雎鳩，在河之洲。
Guān guān jū jiū, zài hé zhī zhōu.
By riverside a pair of ospreys are cooing;窈窕淑女，君子好逑。
Yǎo tiǎo shū nǚ, jūnzǐ hǎo qiú.
There is a maiden fair whom a young man is wooing.求之不得，寤寐思服。
Qiú zhī bù dé, wù mèi sī fú.
Pursue but not get, so he cannot fall asleep.展轉返側，展轉反側。 （？ ➝ 悠哉悠哉，展轉反側。？）
Zhǎn zhuǎn fǎn cè, zhǎn zhuǎn fǎn cè. (? ➝ Yōu zāi yōu zāi, zhǎn zhuǎn fǎn cè.?)
Tossing and turning all night; tossing and turning all night.
- 禮正婚姻 (04.19)
Lǐ zhèng hūn yīn
The correct (wedding) ceremony (leads to) a successful marriage禮正婚姻，
Lǐ zhèng hūn yīn
A correct (wedding) ceremony (leads to) a successful marriage悠哉悠哉。 (compare 優哉優哉)
Yōu zāi yōu zāi. (compare Yōu zāi yóu zāi)
Longing, longing.//配匹之際，生民之始，
Pèi pǐ zhī jì, shēng mín zhī shǐ,
The time of marriage is a beginning for humans,萬福之原，萬福原， ， ，
Wàn fú zhī yuán, wàn fú yuán, // .
And is the source of good blessing, the source of good blessing.宜配君子焉。//
Yí pèi jūn zǐ yān.
Suitable to making matches for gentleman.(Repeat these last three lines)
感於性，
Gǎn yú xìng,
(All music) originates from human’s nature,以發於情，而宰於心。成為詩，形於聲，
Yǐ fā yú qíng, ér zǎi yú xīn. Chéng wéi shī, xíng yú shēng,
Then is expressed through human emotion, controlled by the heart; with poetry it takes the form of song,響諸音樂，皆得乎和平，婚禮也，
Xiǎng zhū yīn yuè, jiē dé hū hé píng. Hūn lǐ yě.
Resounding as music, and all this bringing peace and harmony; as for a marriage ceremony,宜其時，
Yí qí shí.
It is an appropriate time.興於《桃夭》，形於江漢，其為誰，其為誰。
Xìng yú "Táo Yāo", xíng yú Jiāng Hàn", qí wèi shuí, qí wèi shuí.
Begin with (poem #6) "Tao Yao” shaping Jiang Han river, for whom, for whom.
- 德侔天地 (05.19)
Dé móu tiān dì
(The king and queen's) Virtue (is) as great as heaven and earth賢其賢，賦性而全乎天。
Xián qí xián, fù xìng ér quán hū tiān.
Respect the worthy, human nature fits the heaven.太姒體坤承乾，至靜至健，賢其賢。
Tài sì tǐ kūn chéng qián, zhì jìng zhì jiàn, xián qí xián.
Taisi emobides the earth (坤) and undertakes heaven (乾) and so it quiet and vigorous, respecting the worthy.文王也，后妃也，德侔天地，
Wén Wáng yě, hòu fēi yě, dé móu tiān dì,
King Wen and his queen, their virtues match nature,開分萬化之原。
Kāi fēn wàn huà zhī yuán.
And start as the source of many changes.三綱以正，，
Sān gāng yǐ zhèng, ,
The three cardinal guides are in the right place,六紀俱全，，
liù jì jù quán, ,
The six relationships are all complete in their varieties.賢,賢張理，上下整齊，
Xián, xián zhāng lǐ, shàng xià zhěng qí,
Respect the worthy and be open to governance, people from different levesls are all in their appropriate place.人道你那倫理綿綿。
Rén dào nǐ nà lún lǐ mián mián.
People say to you that the ethic stretches long and unbroken.思無邪也，詩冠乎三百篇。。
Sī wú xié yě, shī guān hū sān bǎi piān.
Abundant and rich, this poem (Guan Ju) is at the head of the Book of Songs. (the Poems of Three Hundred. )
- 配享宗周 (05.59)
Pèi xiǎng zōng Zhōu
Worthy of eternal worship in the Zhou family temple王政呵，閨門始，
Wáng zhèng hē, guī mén shǐ,
Royal governance begins with the rule of family.身化天下，文王所致。
Shēn huà tiān xià, Wén Wáng suǒ zhì.
Bring morality to the land is what Wen Wang does.關雎之詩，
Guān jū zhī shī,
With the poem “Guan Ju”,內系賢助相維之，內系賢助相維之。
Nèi xì xián zhù xiāng wéi zhī, nèi xì xián zhù xiāng wéi zhī.
From inside the sage maintains kingly governance, from inside the sage maintains kingly governance.玉葉繼金枝，
Yù yè jì jīn zhī,
Elegant and noble men,樂享宗周傳世系，
Lè xiǎng zōng zhōu chuán shì xì,
Enjoy ensuring the descendant line of Zhou dynasty.好合那兮，得其那宜也，
Hǎo hé nà xī, dé qí nà yí yě).
They match properly with each other, and get what is suitable.萬古名垂。
Wàn gǔ míng chuí.
A great reputation forever.聲入終 (06.37)
Sounds begin to end
（加泛音亦可）
(終 end; 06.54)Footnotes to the translation by 朱元虎 Zhu Yuanhu
Not yet completed.
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Appendix: Chart Tracing Guan Ju
Based mainly on Zha Fuxi's Guide 11/109/179.琴譜
(year; QQJC Vol/page)Further information
(QQJC = 琴曲集成 Qinqu Jicheng; QF = 琴府 Qin Fu)1. 浙音釋字琴譜
(>1505; I/203 [here])8+1L; lyrics throughout paired in standard way
Section 5 (I/205): "關關雎鳩，在河之州。 窈窕淑女，君子好逑。求之不得...."2. 謝琳太古遺音
(1511; I/277)Guan Ju Qu; 10L, but marked by circles rather than numbered; music very different but still related;
different lyrics: first five poems of 詩經 Shi Jing, repeated. 黃士達太古遺音
(1515; ___)Same as 1511
3. 西麓堂琴統
(1525; III/152)8 (5L); music like >1505 but with lyrics only in Section 5 (III/153)
Compare lyrics to >1505: only first four lines: 關關雎鳩，在河之州。 窈窕淑女，君子好逑。4. 發明琴譜
(1530; I/366)8L; similar music, again different lyrics
5. 風宣玄品
(1539; II/261)10; related mostly to >1505 but no lyrics
6. 梧岡琴譜
(1546; I/430)8; related to >1505 but no lyrics
Copied in 1561#27. 步虛僊琴譜
(1556; III/285)9; related
8. 太音傳習
(1552; IV/134)10; related
9. 太音補遺
(1557; III/376)8; related
10a. 琴譜正傳
(1561; II/494)7; "yu mode"; related but quite different (compare next)
10b. 琴譜正傳
(1561; II/503)8; same as 1546
11. 龍湖琴譜
(1571; 琴府/255)9TL; lyrics = >1505 but music seems simpler
. 新刊正文對音捷要
(1573; #53)Same as 1585?
12. 五音琴譜
(1579; IV/231)10
13. 重修真傳琴譜
(1585; IV/438)10L; related melody; lyrics of S1-S9 are like >1505;
14. 玉梧琴譜
(1589; VI/56)8
. 真傳正宗琴譜
(1589; VII/205)10+1; not in 1589 edition
15 真傳正宗琴譜
(1609; VII/205)10+1; many differences but still related
16. 琴書大全
(1590; V/504)14+1; quite different but still related
17. 文會堂琴譜
(1596; VI/237)8
18. 藏春塢琴譜
(1602; VI/397)Same as 1589?
19. 陽春堂琴譜
(1611; VII/401)10
太古正音欽佩20. 松絃館琴譜
(1614; VIII/134)10
21. 理性元雅
(1618; VIII/246)10L; lyrics like 1585 but different section titles
. 理性元雅
(1618; VIII/309)3; only standard qin setting using only the complete lyrics of Shi Jing #1? (compare 1739, 1745 and 1835)
New melody using only five strings22. 樂仙琴譜
(1623; VIII/382)Guanju Qu; 10; related
23. 古音正宗
(1634; IX/340)9
24. 義軒琴經
(late Ming; IX/432)10 (#1 is missing)
25. 徽言秘旨
(1647; X/145)10
. 徽言秘旨訂
(1692; fac/)Same as 1647?
26. 友聲社琴譜
(early Qing; XI/184)10"章"
嚴譜; afterword27. 琴苑新傳全編
(1670; XI/376)10; compare previous
28. 大還閣琴譜
(1673; X/397)10
29. 澄鑒堂琴譜
(1689; XIV/259)10
30. 蓼懷堂琴譜
(1702; XIII/249)10; zhi yin
31. 誠一堂琴譜
(1705; XIII/384)10
32. 五知齋琴譜
(1722; XIV/480)10+1; contains numerous interlineal comments on how to play expressively, as well as ending comments on how the music itself reflects what was being expressed by the original poem 33. 存古堂琴譜
(1726; XV/255)10
34. 光裕堂琴譜
(~1726; XV/334)10
35. 立雪齋琴譜
(1730; XVIII/28)?L; 關雎傳 Guanju Zhuan; "古譜新詞 old music new words" (music is related, "lyrics" are actually commentary ["傳"] by Zhu Xi);
Lyrics, which follow standard pairing, begin, 美哉，關雎之詩，其言文王后妃之德乎詩....36. 琴學練要
(1739; XVIII/138)(治心齋琴譜); 3; gong yin; "元白伯新譜"
another new melody; lyrics = Shi Jing #1 but it is not a standard pairing: many more notes than words37. 春草堂琴譜
(1744; XVIII/252)中呂均商音 ("4th string is shang"); 10; the afterword by 晴峯先生 adds the comment, "如俗以讀書聲撫之，失之遠矣 if you play in a common way using the sound of reciting the text you lose the profunditiy." . 大樂元音
(1745; XVI/370)Guan Ju Zhang; 3; Shi Jing lyrics;
Note names, no tablature38. 琴香堂琴譜
(1760; XVII/87)10
39. 自遠堂琴譜
(1802; XVII/373)10; shang yin
40. 裛露軒琴譜
(>1802; XIX/266)10; "from 1722"
41. 響雪山房琴譜
(>1802; XIX/390)10
42. 琴譜諧聲
(1820; XX/154)10; "角商 jiao shang"; "S9 = S4 but change its ending";
Afterword: "from 將雲章l; also mentions 1614 and 167343. 峰抱樓琴譜
(1825; XX/331)10
44. 鄰鶴齋琴譜
(1830; XXI/52)10; #9 from #4; no mode indication but related
. 律音彙攷
(1835; XXII/192)Seven settings in all: 173, 177, 180, 186 (qin), 192 (qin), 198 (se), 204 (聲字譜)
173, 177, 180, 204 have Shi Jing lyrics and note names only (details)45. 悟雪山房琴譜
(1836; XXII/327)10; 中呂均商音
46. 張鞠田琴譜
(1844; XXIII/332)10; tablature + note names in popular notation
47. 稚雲琴譜
(1849; XXIII/453)10; includes phrase count
48. 蕉庵琴譜
(1868; XXVI/55)10; shangyin
Preface49a. 天聞閣琴譜
(1876; XXV/221)10; shangyin yu diao; " = 1744"
49b. 天聞閣琴譜
(1876; XXV/224)10; shangyin; " = "1702"
50. 天籟閣琴譜
(1876; XXI/160)10
51. 響雪齋琴譜
(1876; ???)originally part of 1807?
10; zhi yin (not in QQJC: info from Zha Guide)52. 綠綺清韻
(1884; XXVII/393)10, but QQJC edition cuts off in middle of 7
53. 枯木禪琴譜
(1893; XXVIII/90)10
54a. 琴學初津
(1894; XXVIII/276)10; huangzhong jun shang yin
Long afterword54b. 琴學初津
(1894; XXVIII/340)10; 關雎，復古譜 Guan Ju Fugu Pu ； "黃太調宮音 Huangtaidiao gongyin";
Standard tuning; long afterword speaks of "fu gu returning to old" by omitting lyricsReturn to the Zheyin Shizi Qinpu index or to the Guqin ToC.
- 大閒（閑）周、召 (01.06)